علوم و مهندسی آب و فاضلاب

علوم و مهندسی آب و فاضلاب

مروری بر روش‎های عملیاتی بهمنظور پیشگیری از بروز رسوبات سیلیس در واحدهای تصفیه آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و فناوری مازندران، بهشهر، ایران.
2 شرکت فناور ایمن لوتوس، شهرک صنعتی آق‌قلا، گرگان، ایران.
چکیده
با توجه به چالشهای کمبود آب، فرآیندهای غشایی اسمز معکوس برای تصفیه آب گسترش یافتهاند. در این روش، آب با فشار از غشای نیمهتراوا عبور کرده و ناخالصیها جدا میشوند. با اینحال، تشکیل رسوب املاح موجود در آب بر سطح غشا، کارایی این فناوری را کاهشداده، عمر مفید غشا را کم و هزینهها را افزایش میدهد. سیلیس، از رایجترین املاح آب، در اثر پلیمریزاسیون اسیدسیلیسیک رسوب میکند. از آنجاییکه حذف رسوبات سیلیس دشوار و نیازمند شویندههای شیمیایی قوی و مضر برای محیطزیست است، پیشگیری از تشکیل رسوب سیلیس از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. راهکارهای پیشگیرانه شامل اصلاح سطح غشا، تنظیمpH و دمای آب ورودی برای افزایش انحلالپذیری سیلیس، کاهش غلظت سایر املاح موجود در آب که به تشکیل رسوب کمک میکنند، پیشتصفیه آب ورودی برای کاهش غلظت سیلیس و استفاده از آنتیاسکالانتهای مناسب برای ممانعت از پلیمریزاسیون سیلیس است. لذا در این مقاله مروری، تلاش شده است ضمن بررسی آخرین پژوهشهای موجود از دیدگاه عملیاتی، راهکارهای عملیاتی مناسب برای استفاده توسط کارشناسان واحدهای تصفیه آب به روش اسمز معکوس مورد جمعبندی قرارگیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

 
Al-Ahmad, M., Aleem, F.A., Mutiri, A., and Ubaisy, A., (2000), “Biofuoling in RO membrane systems Part 1: Fundamentals and control”, Desalination, 132, 173-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(00)00146-6.
Al-Rehaili, A.M. (2003), “Comparative chemical clarification for silica removal from RO groundwater feed”, Desalination, 159, 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(03)90042-7.
Alazmi, R., Alazemi, M., Alanezi, A.A., and Alhazza, A., (2020), “Effect of silica fouling on RO membranes used for the desalination of Kuwait brackish water”, Desalination and Water Treatment, 204, 33-39, https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.26246.
Amjad, Z., (2016), “Maleic acid-based copolymers as silica scale control agents for aqueous systems”, International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 5, 1-11, http://dx.doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2016-5-1-1.
Amjad, Z., and Zuhl, R., (2010), “The role of water chemistry on preventing silica fouling in industrial water systems”, In CORROSION 2010, (pp. 1-14), Association for Materials Protection and Performance, https://doi.org/10.5006/C2010-10048.
Chaussemier, M., Pourmohtasham, E., Gelus, D., Pecoul, N., Perrot, H., Ledion, J., Cheap-Charpentier, H., and Horner, O., (2015) “State of art of natural inhibitors of calcium carbonate scaling. A review article”, Desalination, 356, 47-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.014.
Chin, C.-J.M., Chen, P.-W., and Wang, L.-J. (2006), “Removal of nanoparticles from CMP wastewater by magnetic seeding aggregation”, Chemosphere, 63, 1809-1813, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.035.
Demadis, K.D. (2008), Silica scale inhibition relevant to desalination technologies: progress and recent developments, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, ISBN: 978-1-60456-567-6.
Deo, P., Simon, M., Akhade, P., Abramo, G.P., Young, K.L. and Mehta, S.C., Dow Global Technologies LLC, Rohm and Haas Co., (2024), “Inhibition of silica scale using a chelating agent blended with acid and alkylene oxide derived polymer dispersants”, U.S. Patent 12,146,099, Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Gabekich, C.J., Chen, W.R., Yun, T.I., and Coffey, B.M., (2005), “The role of dissolved aluminum in silica chemistry for membrane processes”, Desalination, 180, 307-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.02.009.
Haidari, A., Witkamp, G.J., and Heijman, S., (2022), “High silica concentration in RO concentrate”, Water Resources and Industry, 27, 100171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2022.100171.
He, M., Gao, K., Zhou, L., Jiao, Z., Wu, M., Cao, J., You, X., Cai, Z., Su, Y., and Jiang, Z., (2016), “Zwitterionic materials for antifouling membrane surface construction”, Acta Biomaterialia, 40, 142-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.038.
Hu, Q., Yuan, Y., Wu, Z., Lu, H., Li, N., and Zhang, H., (2023), “The effect of surficial function groups on the anti-fouling and anti-scaling performance of thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes”, Journal of Membrane Science, 668, 121276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121276.
Iler, R.K., (1979), The chemistry of silica, solubility, polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry, ISBN: 978-0-471-02404-0.
Kaneda, M., Dong, D., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., Xue, Y., Bryantsev, V.S., Elimelech, M., and Zhong, M., (2023), “Molecular design of functional polymers for silica scale inhibition”, Environmental Science and Technology, 58, 871-882, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c06504.
Kempter, A., Gaedt, T., Boyko, V., Nied, S., and Hirsch, K., (2013), “New insights into silica scaling on RO-membranes”, Desalination and Water Treatment, 51, 899-907, https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.715237.
Kherfan, S., (2014), “Investigation of fouling of membranes of a reverse osmosis unit by silica”, Open Access Library Journal, 1, 1-7, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100485.
Latour, I., Miranda, R., Carceller, R., and Blanco, A., (2016), “Efficiency of polyaluminum nitrate sulfate-polyamine hybrid coagulants for silica removal”, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 17973-17984, https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1091992.
Li, Y., Li, M., Xiao, K., and Huang, X., (2020), “Reverse osmosis membrane autopsy in coal chemical wastewater treatment: Evidences of spatially heterogeneous fouling and organic-inorganic synergistic effect”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 246, 118964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118964.
Liu, Q., Xu, G.-R., and Das, R., (2019), “Inorganic scaling in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination: Mechanisms, monitoring, and inhibition strategies”, Desalination, 468, 114065, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2019.07.005.
Loganathan, K., Chelme-Ayala, P., and El-Din, M.G., (2015), “Pilot-scale study on the reverse osmosis treatment of oil sands tailings pond water: Impact of pretreatment on process performance”, Desalination, 360, 52-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.12.045.
Lunevich, L., Sanciolo, P., Dumee, L., and Gray, S., (2016), “Silica fouling in high salinity waters in reverse osmosis desalination (sodium-silica system)”, Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 2, 539-548, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EW00065G.
Lunevich, L., Sanciolo, P., Milne, N., and Gray, S., (2017), “Silica fouling in coal seam gas water reverse osmosis desalination”, Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 3, 911-921, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EW00128B.
Mahdavi, H., and Rahimi, A., (2018), “Zwitterion functionalized graphene oxide/polyamide thin film nanocomposite membrane: Towards improved anti-fouling performance for reverse osmosis”, Desalination, 433, 94-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2018.01.031.
Makrides, A.C., Turner, M., and Slaughter, J., (1980), “Condensation of silica from supersaturated silicic acid solutions”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 73, 345-367, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(80)90081-8.
Mi, B., and Elimelech, M., (2010), “Gypsum scaling and cleaning in forward osmosis: measurements and mechanisms”, Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 2022-2028, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903623r.
Mi, B., and Elimelech, M., (2013), “Silica scaling and scaling reversibility in forward osmosis”, Desalination, 312, 75-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.08.034.
Milne, N.A., O'reilly, T., Sanciolo, P., Ostarcevic, E., Belighton, M., Taylor, K., Mullett, M., Tarquin, A.J., and Gray, S.R., (2014), “Chemistry of silica scale mitigation for RO desalination with particular reference to remote operations”, Water Research, 65, 107-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.07.010.
Neofotistou, E., and Demadis, K.D., (2004), “Use of antiscalants for mitigation of silica (SiO2) fouling and deposition: Fundamentals and applications in desalination systems”, Desalination, 167, 257-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.135.
Park, M., Park, J., Lee, E., Khim, J., and Cho, J., (2016), “Application of nanofiltration pretreatment to remove divalent ions for economical seawater reverse osmosis desalination”, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 20661-20670, https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1111807.
Park, Y.-M., Yeon, K.-M., and Park, C.-H., (2020), “Silica treatment technologies in reverse osmosis for industrial desalination: A review”, Environmental Engineering Research, 25, 819-829, https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2019.353.
Rathinam, K., Abraham, S., Oren, Y., Schwahn, D., Petry, W., Kaufman, Y., and Kasher, R., (2019), “Surface-induced silica scaling during brackish water desalination: The role of surface charge and specific chemical groups”, Environmental Science and Technology, 53, 5202-5211, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06154.
Reiss, A.G., Gavrieli, I., and Ganor, J., (2020), “The effect of phosphonate-based antiscalant on gypsum precipitation kinetics and habit in hyper-saline solutions: An experimental and modeling approach to the planned Red Sea–Dead Sea Project”, Desalination, 496, 114638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114638.
Rolf, J., Cao, T., Huang, X., Boo, C., Li, Q., and Elimelech, M., (2022), “Inorganic scaling in membrane desalination: Models, mechanisms, and characterization methods”, Environmental Science and Technology, 56, 7484-7511, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c01858.
Saltworks Technologies INC., (2018), Periodic table of scaling compounds, Saltworks Technologies Inc. Available Online at: https://www.saltworkstech.com/brochures/periodic-table-of-scaling-compounds.pdf.
Sano, Y., and Yamaguchi, M., (2019), “Preventing silica scale formation using hydroxide ions generated by water electrolysis”, Membranes, 9, 154, https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9110154.
Semiat, R., Sutzkover, I., and Hasson, D., (2003), “Scaling of RO membranes from silica supersaturated solutions”, Desalination, 157, 169-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(03)00398-9.
Sheikholeslami, R., Al-Mutaz, I., Koo, T., and Young, A., (2001), “Pretreatment and the effect of cations and anions on prevention of silica fouling”, Desalination, 139, 83-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00297-1.
Sheikholeslami, R., and Tan, S., (1999), “Effects of water quality on silica fouling of desalination plants”, Desalination, 126, 267-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(99)00182-4.
Sheikholeslami, R., and Zhou, S., (2000), “Performance of RO membranes in silica bearing waters”, Desalination, 132, 337-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(00)00169-7.
Subramani, A., Schlicher, R., Long, J., Yu, J., Lehman, S., and Jacangelo, J.G., (2011), “Recovery optimization of membrane processes for treatment of produced water with high silica content”, Desalination and Water Treatment, 36, 297-309, https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2604.
Sugita, H., Matsunaga, I., Yamaguchi, T., Kato, K., and Ueda, A., (2003), “Silica removal performance of seed from geothermal fluids”, Geothermics, 32, 171-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(03)00013-0.
Sun, X., Duan, L., Liu, Z., Gao, Q., Liu, J., and Zhang, D., (2024), “The mechanism of silica and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) on reverse osmosis membranes fouling”, Journal of Environmental Management, 349, 119634, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119634.
Ralf K. Iler, (1979), The chemistry of silica: Solubility, polymerization, colloid and surface properties, and biochemistry of silica, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19800920433.
Tong, T., Wallace, A.F., Zhao, S., and Wang, Z., (2019), “Mineral scaling in membrane desalination: Mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and feasibility of scaling-resistant membranes”, Journal of Membrane Science, 579, 52-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.049.
Tong, T., Zhao, S., Boo, C., Hashmi, S.M., and Elimelech, M., (2017), “Relating silica scaling in reverse osmosis to membrane surface properties”, Environmental Science and Technology, 51, 4396-4406, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06411.
Wang, Y.-N., Li, X., and Wang, R., (2017), “Silica scaling and scaling control in pressure retarded osmosis processes”, Journal of Membrane Science, 541, 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.06.088.
Xie, M., and Gray, S.R., (2017), “Silica scaling in forward osmosis: From solution to membrane interface”, Water Research, 108, 232-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.082.
Yang, G.C., and Li, C.-J., (2007), “Electrofiltration of silica nanoparticle-containing wastewater using tubular ceramic membranes”, Separation and Purification Technology, 58, 159-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.07.019.
Yang, W., Zhao, Z., Pan, M., Gong, L., Wu, F., Huang, C., Wang, X., Wang, J., and Zeng, H., (2022), “Mussel-inspired polyethylene glycol coating for constructing antifouling membrane for water purification”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 625, 628-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.038.
Yao, Y., Ge, X., Yin, Y., Minjarez, R., and Tong, T., (2023), “Antiscalants for mitigating silica scaling in membrane desalination: Effects of molecular structure and membrane process”, Water Research, 246, 120701, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120701.
Yin, Y., Kalam, S., Livingston, J.L., Minjarez, R., Lee, J., Lin, S., and Tong, T., (2022), “The use of anti-scalants in gypsum scaling mitigation: Comparison with membrane surface modification and efficiency in combined reverse osmosis and membrane distillation”, Journal of Membrane Science, 643, 120077, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120077.
Zhang, X., Dongying, Y., Melzer, J., Caroline, S., Qiantao, C., and Sharma, M., (2022), “Silica antiscalant composition and method for silica scaling inhibition in membrane applications”, U.S. Patent Application 17/640,521.
Ziemann, E., Coves, T., Oren, Y.S., Maman, N., Sharon-Gojman, R., Neklyudov, V., Freger, V., Ramon, G. Z., and Bernstein, R., (2024), “Pseudo-bottle-brush decorated thin-film composite desalination membranes with ultrahigh mineral scale resistance”, Science Advances, 10(21), eadm7668, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adm7668.
دوره 11، شماره 1
بهار 1405
صفحه 4-16

  • تاریخ دریافت 06 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 30 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 05 مهر 1404