مروری بر عوامل موثر در روش فقر و غنا برای تولید پلاستیک زیستی از لجن مازاد تصفیه بیولوژیکی فاضلاب

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده نفت و گاز گچساان، دانشگاه یاسوج، کهگیلویه و بویر احمد، ایران

2 گروه شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استاد، گروه شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی، گروه شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده نفت و گاز گچساران ، دانشگاه یاسوج ، کهگیلویه و بویر احمد ، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به کاربرد روز افزون مواد پلاستیکی در زندگی روزمره انسان‎ها و مشکلاتی که برای محیط‎زیست ایجاد می‎کنند محققان تلاش کردند جایگزین زیست تخریب‎پذیری را برای پلاستیک‎های نفتی معرفی کنند. زیست تخریب‎ناپذیر بودن پلاستیک‎های سنتی به‎دلیل بزرگ و طویل بودن بیش از حد مولکول‎های پلیمری و وجود اتصالات محکم بین آن‎ها است که در نهایت شکسته شدنشان توسط میکروارگانیسم‎ها را بسیار مشکل و حتی غیرممکن می‎سازد. اما پلاستیک‎های زیست­ تخریب­پذیر به‎سادگی توسط فعالیت موجودات زنده به واحد­های سازنده خود تجزیه شده و در محیط باقی نمی‎ماند. پلی هیدروکسی آلکونات‎ها (PHA)1 از جمله پلیمرهای زیست تخریب‎پذیری هستند که در سال‎های اخیر موردتوجه قرار گرفته‎اند. PHAها ترکیبات پلی استری هستند که توسط میکروارگانیسم‎ها تحت شرایط ویژه سنتز می‎شوند. یکی از روش‎های تولید PHA از باکتری‎ها روش غنا و فقر است. در این روش از یک بیوراکتور با جریان ورودی و خروجی منقطع برای تامین رژیم غنا و فقر2 استفاده می‎شود تا میکروارگانیسم‎‎‎هایی که توانایی ذخیره PHA دارند بتوانند در رقابت با سایر میکروارگانیسم‎ها غالب شوند و در نتیجه حداکثر میزان PHA از محیط کشت حاصل شود. در این مقاله مروری، روش فقر و غنا برای تولید PHA و عوامل موثر بر آن شامل نوع خوراک، نسبت غنا به فقر، نسبت غذا به میکروارگانیسم، غلظت اکسیژن محلول و مواد مغذی مورد مطالعه قرارگرفته است.
 

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