Water Quality Zonation Based on Chemical Analysis on Surface Water Supplies for Drinking, Agriculture and Industry in the Southeastern of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 University of Tehran

2 PhD candidate in Civil Engineering, Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Razi University

Abstract

In this study, the quality of surface water supplies in the southwestern region of Sistan and Baluchestan Province were evaluated for the purposes of drinking, industry and agriculture based on the results of chemical analysis. Firstly, the results of the analysis of surface waters from four selected stations were studied, then it prepared in GIS environment. In order to determine the quality of water for drinking, Ca, Mg, Na, TDS, TH, Cl, SO4 and HCO3 parameters are used and it was determined that the water of all stations was considered as inappropriate indicating hardness of the water in the area. Wilcox method is also utilized to determine the water quality in agricultural use. In the graph of this index, the horizontal axis index is water salinity in micro masses per centimeter and the vertical axis in relation to sodium absorption (SAR). Studies have also shown that the water of all stations is one of the classes C2-S1, C3-S1, C3-S2. During the statistical years it is considered to be agriculture. Also, in determining the quality of water for industrial use, the Langeous Saturation Index (LSI), which is in fact the difference between the actual pH of water and the saturated water content of calcium carbonate, was used and it was found that in all stations only three years of water for industrial use It is in a state of equilibrium and in the rest of years it is a precipitating and corrosive state. Therefore, the conditions in this area for the construction of water related to industries are also inadequate. To monitor, control and manage the system, the qualitative results of the analysis is entered into the GIS environment and the surface water database of the southwestern region of Sistan and Baluchestan province was formed and in the first step, zoning of important water quality issues to support the correct decision of the face accepted.

Keywords

References

 
پورمقدس، ح.، (1382)، "بررسی کیفیت آب‎های زیرزمینی منطقه لنجانات اصفهان"، فصل‎نامه دانشکده بهداشت و انستیتو تحقیقات بهداشتی، 1(1)، 15-26.  
ساقی، م.ح، صمدی، م.ت، رحمانی، ع.، و محسنی بندپی، ا.، (1392)، "پهنه­بندی آب رودخانه سیلوار از نظر کیفیت آب کشاورزی براساس شاخصWILCOX  استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی"، شانزدهمین همایش ملی بهداشت محیط ایران، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی تبریز.
شیروانی، ت.، شیروانی سارویی، ا.، بوچانی، م.ح.، و عارف، ف.، (1394)، "ارزیابی کیفی آب زیرزمینی دشت صحرای باغ برای مصارف کشاورزی و صنعت"، اکوهیدرولوژی، 2(4)، 345-356. 
کاوه‎کار، ش.، جوادی، س.، یوسفی، ر.، و عبادی‎فر، م.، (۱۳۹۵)، "ارزیابی کیفی آب‎های سطحی برای مصارف کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز سلامت آباد)"، ششمین کنفرانس ملی مدیریت منابع آب ایران، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج.
محتشمی، ع.، و ناصری، م.، (۱۳۹۴)، "طبقه‎بندی کیفی آب جهت مصارف شرب کشاورزی صنعت (مطالعه موردی دشت درمیان - اسد آباد خراسان جنوبی"،  اولین همایش ملی کیفیت منابع آب و توسعه پایدار، شرکت سهامی آب منطقه‎ای استان مرکزی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک.
Abtahi, M., Golchinpour, N., Yaghmaeian, K., Rafiee, M., Jahangiri-rad, M., Keyani, A., and Saeedi, R., (2015), “A modified drinking water quality index (DWQI) for assessing drinking source water quality in rural communities of Khuzestan Province, Iran”, Ecological Indicators, 53(1 Jun.), 283-291.
Allan, J.D. (2004), “Landscapes and riverscapes: The influence of land use on stream ecosystems”, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 35(15 Dec.), 257-284.
Appleton, A.F., (2002), “How New York City used an ecosystem services strategy carried out through an urban-rural partnership to preserve the pristine quality of its drinking water and save billions of dollars and what lessons it teaches about using ecosystem services”, Katoomba Conference, Tokyo, November.
Ashton, P.J., Van Zyl, F.C., and Heath, R.G., (1995), “Water quality management in the Crocodile river catchment, Eastern Transvaal, South Africa”, Water Science and Technology, 32(5-6), 201-208.
Booth, D.B., Karr, J.R., Schauman, S., Konrad, C.P., Morley, S.A., Larson, M.G., and Burges, S.J., (2004), “Reviving urban streams: Land use, hydrology, biology, and human behavior”, JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 40(5), 1351-1364.
Clasen, T., Pruss‐Ustun, A., Mathers, C.D., Cumming, O., Cairncross, S., and Colford Jr, J. M., (2014), “Estimating the impact of unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene on the global burden of disease: evolving and alternative methods”, Tropical Medicine and International Health, 19(8), 884-893.
Hathaway, J.M. and Hunt, W.F., (2011), “Evaluation of first flush for indicator bacteria and total suspended solids in urban stormwater runoff”, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 217(1-4), 135-147.
Johnson, L., Richards, C., Host, G., and Arthur, J., (1997), “Landscape influences on water chemistry in Midwestern stream ecosystems”, Freshwater Biology, 37(1), 193-208.
Kayser, G. L. et al. (2015) “Drinking water quality governance: A comparative case study of Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi”, Environmental Science and Policy, 48(1 Apr.), 186-195.
Li, P., Wu, J., Qian, H., Lyu, X., and Liu, H., (2014), “Origin and assessment of groundwater pollution and associated health risk: A case study in an industrial park, northwest China”, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 36(4), 693-712.
Lobato, T.C., Hauser-Davis, R.A., Oliveira, T.F., Silveira, A.M., Silva, H.A.N., Tavares, M.R.M., and Saraiva, A.C.F., (2015) “Construction of a novel water quality index and quality indicator for reservoir water quality evaluation: A case study in the Amazon region”, Journal of Hydrology, 522(1 Mar.), 674-683.
Majcher, E.H., Woytowitz, E.L., Reisinger, A.J., and Groffman, P.M., (2018), “Factors affecting long-term trends in surface-water quality in the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore City and County, Maryland, 1998–2016 (No. 2018-1038)”, US Geological Survey.
Marinoni, O., Higgins, A., Coad, P., and Garcia, J.N., (2013), “Directing urban development to the right places: Assessing the impact of urban development on water quality in an estuarine environment”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 113(1 May), 62-77.
Mohebbi, M.R., Saeedi, R., Montazeri, A., Vaghefi, K.A., Labbafi, S., Oktaie, S. and Mohagheghian, A., (2013), “Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI)”, Ecological Indicators, 30(1 Jul.), 28-34.
Nazeer, S., Hashmi, M.Z., and Malik, R.N., (2014), “Heavy metals distribution, risk assessment and water quality characterization by water quality index of the River Soan, Pakistan”, Ecological indicators, 43(1 Aug.), 262-270.
Ribolzi, O., Cuny, J., Sengsoulichanh, P., Mousquès, C., Soulileuth, B., Pierret, A. and Sengtaheuanghoung, O., (2011), “Land use and water quality along a Mekong Tributary in Northern Lao PDR”, Environmental Management, 47(2), 291-302.
Rimer, A.E., Nissen, J.A., and Reynolds, D.E., (1978), “Characterization and impact of stormwater runoff from various land cover types”, Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, (1 Feb.), 252-264.
Seeboonruang, U., (2012), “A statistical assessment of the impact of land uses on surface water quality indexes”, Journal of Environmental Management, 101(30 Jun.), 134-142.
Tu, J., (2013), “Spatial variations in the relationships between land use and water quality across an urbanization gradient in the watersheds of northern Georgia, USA”, Environmental Management, 51(1), 1-17.
White, C.S., (1976), “Factors influencing natural water quality and changes resulting from land-use practices”, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 6(1), 53-69.
Xie, Y., (2016), Disinfection byproducts in drinking water: Formation, analysis, and control, CRC press.
Zhai, X., Xia, J., and Zhang, Y., (2014), “Water quality variation in the highly disturbed Huai River Basin, China from 1994 to 2005 by multi-statistical analyses”, Science of the Total Environment, 496(15 Oct.), 594-606.
Zhao, J., Lin, L., Yang, K., Liu, Q., and Qian, G., (2015), “Influences of land use on water quality in a reticular river network area: A case study in Shanghai, China”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 137(1 May), 20-29.
Zheng, B., Lei, K., Liu, R., Song, S., and An, L., (2014), “Integrated biomarkers in wild crucian carp for early warning of water quality in Hun River, North China”, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 26(4), 909-916.
Zhang, Q., Harman, C.J., and Kirchner, J.W., (2018), “Evaluation of statistical methods for quantifying fractal scaling in water-quality time series with irregular sampling”, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 22(2), 1
Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 4
December 2018
Pages 18-32

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 July 2018
  • Revise Date: 12 January 2019
  • Accept Date: 19 January 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics