Determining the instantaneous peak factor in water distribution networks

Articles in Press

Authors

Water, Wastewater and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Water distribution networks (WDNs) are usually designed based on hourly peak factor (HPF). The HPF shows the ratio between the maximum and average hourly flow during a day. However, in order to achieve an optimal operation of WDNs, it is necessary to study the water demand changes for less than one-hour (instantaneous) time intervals. Considering the lack of information for less than hourly peak factor (PF), in this paper, using the flow field data in different WDNs, the PFs were calculated for the different time intervals of less than one hour. The results showed that the PF increases by decreasing both population and time intervals. For example, for populations of 1,000 and 10,000, the value of the PF in a half-hour time interval compared to a one-hour time interval increases by 53% and 33%, respectively. Based on the obtained results, a new equation is presented to estimate the PF based on populations and time interval parameters. Also, the HPFs in WDNs were compared with different references, including the 117-3. The results of the present study can be utilized for design and operation of WDNs.

Keywords

Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 09 October 2023

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History

  • Receive Date: 24 April 2023
  • Revise Date: 09 October 2023
  • Accept Date: 09 October 2023

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