The Study of Nitrate Removal from Raw Sewage of Tehran City by Walnut Tree Sawdust using the Surface Absorption Method

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran.

2 M.Sc., Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

In this paper, the removal of nitrates from urban raw sewage (Tehran) by walnut tree sawdust using the surface absorption method was introduced as an efficient green method, and the effect of various parameters was studied. The results obtained from Langmuir isotherms R2=0.9951 and Freundlich R2 = 0.9936 indicated better absorption in low concentrations, which follows the Langmuir model. To complete the present studies, the adsorption diagram, the effect of pH, thermodynamic and kinetic studies were investigated. Kinetic studies showed that the surface adsorption process of nitrate by walnut tree sawdust follows the pseudo-first order kinetic. The absorption capacity obtained from this equation was 34.2 mg/g (its experimental value of 32 mg/g). The results showed that this process is controlled by reversible physical adsorption. According to the FT-IR spectrum of the absorbent, the phenomenon of nitrate absorption takes place with the help of the cellulose structure of the absorbent. The use of walnut tree sawdust (micro size) without chemical modification as a natural, green, environmentally friendly, efficient, and effective adsorbent in removing nitrates from the raw sewage of Tehran city was one of the important features of this research.

Keywords

References

احمد پری، ه.، و هاشمی گرم دره، س.، (1398)، " کاربرد دیواره دنیتریفیکاسیون در حذف نیترات از سفره‎های آب زیرزمینی"، نشریه علوم و مهندسی آب و فاضلاب، 4(3)، 13-25.
احمد پری، ه.، و هاشمی گرم‌دره، س.ا.، (1397)، "مروری بر کارایی راکتورهای زیستی دنیتریفیکاسیون در حذف نیترات از زهاب کشاورزی"، نشریه علوم و مهندسی آب و فاضلاب، 3(4)، 73-89.
اسلامپور، غ.، (1389)، طیف‌سنجی مولکولی، انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
اکبری، ب.، نوروزی، پ.، و گنجعلی، م.، (1385)، مبانی طیف‌بینی اتمی و مولکولی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
یادگاری، ف.، عبداله‌زاده شرقی، ا.، و عدل، م.، (1396)، "حذف بیولوژیکی نیترات از آب آشامیدنی در سیستم هیبریدی بیوراکتور انوکسیک - بیوراکتور غشایی"، نشریه علوم و مهندسی آب و فاضلاب، 2(2)، 24-33.
AWWA, (1990), Water quality and treatment, 4th Edition, Mc Grow-Hill. Inc.
Akhtar, K., Akhtar, M.W., and Khalid, A.M., (2007), "Removal and recovery of uranium from aqueous solutions by Trichoderma harzianum", Water Research, 41, 1366-1378.
Battas, A., El Gaidoumi, A., Ksakas, A., and Kherbeche, A., (2019), "Adsorption study for the removal of nitrate from water using local clay", The Scientific World Journal, vol?? issue??, 9529618, https:/doi.org/10.1155/2019/9529618.
Bhatnagar, A., and Minocha, A.K., (2006), "Conventional and non-conventional adsorbents for removal of pollutants from water, A review", Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 13, 203-217.
de Lima, A.C.A., Nascimento, R.F., de Sousa, F.F., Filho, J.M., and Oliveira, A.C., (2012), "Modified coconut shell fibers: a green and economical sorbent for the removal of anions from aqueous solutions", Chemical Engineering Journal, 185-186, 274-284, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.037.
Elyanow, D., and Persechino, J., (2021), "Advances in nitrate removal", Available online: https://www.gewater.com/kcpguest/documents/TechnicalPapers_Cust/Americas/English/TP1033EN.pdf (accessed on 15 June 2021).
Hekmatzadeh, A.A., Karimi-Jashni, A., Talebbeydokhti, N., and Kløve, B., (2013), "Adsorption kinetics of nitrate ions on ion exchange resin”, Desalination, 326, 125-134, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.07.017.
Horsfall, M., Abia, A.A., and Spiff, A.I., (2006), "Kinetic studies on the adsorption of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions from aqueous solutions by cassava (Manihot sculenta Cranz) tuber bark waste", Bioresource Technology, 97, 283-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.016.
Katal, R., Baei, M.S., Rahmati, H.T., and Esfandian, H., (2012), "Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic study of nitrate adsorption from aqueous solution using modified rice husk", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 18, 295-302, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2011.11.035.
Katheresan, V., Kansedo, J., Lau, S., (2018), "Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review", Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6, 4676-4697, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.06.060.
Keräanen, A., Leiviskäa, T., Hormi, O., and Tanskanen, J., (2015), "Removal of nitrate by modified pine sawdust: Effects of temperature and co-existing anions", Journal of Environmental Management, 147, 46-54.
Lee, J.E., Park, and Y.-K., (2020), "Applications of modified biochar-based materials for the removal of environment pollutants: A mini review", Sustainability, 12, 6112.
Naushad, M., Ahamad, T., Al-Maswari, B.M., Abdullah Alqadami, A., and Alshehri, S.M., (2017), "Nickel ferrite bearing nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon as efficient adsorbent for the removal of highly toxic metal ion from aqueous medium", Chemical Engineering Journal, 330, 1351-1360, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.079.
Nodeh, H.R., Sereshti, H., Afsharian, E.Z., and Nouri, N., (2017), Enhanced removal of phosphate and nitrate ions from aqueous media using nanosized lanthanum hydrous doped on magnetic graphene nanocomposite", Journal of Environmental Management, 197, 265-274, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.004.
Pintar, A., Batista, J., and Levec, J., (2001), "Catalytic denitrification: Direct and indirect removal of nitrates from potable water", Catalysis Today, 66, 503-510, https:/doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00622-2.
Reddy, K.J., and Lin, J., (2000), "Nitrate removal from groundwater using catalytic reduction", Water Research, 34, 995-1001, https:/doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00227-4.
Schoeman, J.J., and Steyn, A., (2003), "Nitrate removal with reverse osmosis in a rural area in South Africa", Desalination, 155, 15-26.
  Stjepanović, M., Velić, N., and Habuda-Stanić, M., (2022), "Modified hazelnut shells as a novel adsorbent for the removal of nitrate from wastewater", Water, 14(5), 816.
Stjepanović, M., Velić, N., Lončarić, A., Gašo-Sokač, D., Bušić, V., and Habuda-Stanić, M., (2019), "Adsorptive removal of nitrate from wastewater using modified lignocellulosic waste material", Journal of Molecular Liquids, 285, 535-544.
Wang, Z., Guo, H., Shen, F., Yang, G., Zhang, Y., Zeng, Y., Wang, L., Xiao, H., and Deng, S., (2015), "Biochar produced from oak sawdust by Lanthanum (La)-involved pyrolysis for adsorption of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and phosphate (PO43−)", Chemosphere, 119, 646-653.
Wang, H., Ho, L., Lewis, D.M., Brookes, J.D., and Newcombe, G., (2007), "Discriminating and assessing adsorption and biodegradation removal mechanisms during granular activated carbon filtration of microcystin toxins", Water Research, 41(18), 4262-4270.
Wahab, M.A., Jellali, S., and Jedidi, N., (2010), "Ammonium biosorption onto sawdust: FTIR analysis, kinetics and adsorption isotherms modeling", Bioresource Technology, 101, 5070-5075, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.121.
Wang, C., Tan, H., Liu, H., Wu, B., Xu, F., and Xu, H., (2019), "A nanoscale ferroferric oxide coated biochar derived from mushroom waste to rapidly remove Cr(VI) and mechanism study", Bioresource Technology Reports, 7, 100253, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100253.
Xue, L., Gao, B., Wan, Y., Fang, J., Wang, S., Li, Y., Muñoz-Carpena, R., and Yang, L., (2016), "High efficiency and selectivity of MgFe-LDH modified wheat-straw biochar in the removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions", Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 63, 312-317, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.03.021.
Xu, X., Gao, B.-Y., Yue, Q.-Y., and Zhong, Q.-Q., (2010), "Preparation of agricultural byproduct based anion exchanger and its utilization for nitrate and phosphate removal", Bioresource Technology, 101, 8558-8564, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.060.
Yin, Q., Wang, R., and Zhao, Z., (2018), "Application of Mg–Al-modified biochar for simultaneous removal of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate from eutrophic water", Journal of Cleaner Production, 176, 230-240, https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.117.
Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering
Volume 8, Issue 2
July 2023
Pages 25-36

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 June 2022
  • Revise Date: 29 August 2022
  • Accept Date: 31 August 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics