Smart City Solutions to Cope with Water Crisis Based on the KNX Protocol

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran

2 2Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

A brief look at the status of statistics provided by different authorities regarding the water crisis represents a leading threat to the spiritual capital of Iran. Iran faces issues such as climate and reduced atmospheric precipitation, with a lack of resources and serious water supply constraints. Many challenges, including water crisis management, and the ever-increasing advances in information and communication technology, on the other hand, have made the move to smart cities an inescapable necessity. In a previous research, the strategies for intelligent water management and water resources control are presented from three perspectives of urban, residential and irrigation solutions and its implementation is presented with the KNX intelligent protocol.

Keywords


پاکدل، م.، قیامی، ع. و بینا، ک.، (1394)، "پیش‎بینی مصرف آب شرب شهر مشهد با استفاده از موجک"، همایش ملی مهندسی عمران و پژوهشهای نیاز محور، مشهد.

جعفری، ه.، (1395)، "مدیریت سیستم­های حوادث و اتفاقات در شبکه­های توزیع آب شهری با استفاده از سیستم‎های اطلاعات مکانی (GIS)"، همایش ملی بهره­برداری در بخش آب و فاضلاب، همدان.

سرداری ح. و ملاحسینی اردکانی، م.، (1395)، "ارائه یک معماری مرجع مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیا برای مدیریت مصرف آب در ساختمان­های هوشمند"، همایش ملی چشمانداز تکنولوژی کامپیوتر و شبکه در 2030، میبد.

سلطانی اصل، م. و فغفورمغربی، م.، (1388)، "مدیریت هوشمند فشار به‎منظور کاهش نشت در شبکه­های آبرسانی، مطالعه موردی: منطقه سرافرازان مشهد،" مجله آب و فاضلاب، 20(3)، 99-104. 

غلامی، ح.، قیامی ع.، و بینا، ک.، (1394)، "پیش‎بینی مصرف آب شرب شهر مشهد با استفاده از شبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی"، همایش ملی مهندسی عمران و پژوهشهای نیاز محور، مشهد.

همایی، م.ح.، فرهادی، ب. و کهوازاده، ا.، (1391)، "کاربرد شبکه‎های حسگر بی‎سیم به‎جهت تشخیص نشت و هدررفت آب در خطوط انتقال"، چهارمین کنفرانس مهندسی برق و الکترونیک ایران، گناباد.

Al-Ghobari, H.M., and Dewidar, A.Z., (2018), "Integrating deficit irrigation into surface and subsurface drip irrigation as a strategy to save water in arid regions", Agricultural Water Management, 209, 55-61. 

Asalmol, M., Datar, M., Gawade, M., Patil, A., and Gulve, T., (2017), "Water management system for smart city using IoT", Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 3(11), 93-107.

Cocchia, A., (2014), Smart and digital city: A systematic literature review, In: Dameri R., Rosenthal-Sabroux C. (eds.), Smart City, Progress in IS, Springer, Cham, 13-43. 

Curry, E., Hasan, S., Kouroupetroglou, C., Fabritius, W., Ul Hassan, U., and Derguech, W., (2018), "Internet of things enhanced user experience for smart water and energy management", IEEE Internet Computing, 22(1), 18-28.

Dickey, T., (2018), Smart water solutions for smart cities, Smart City, Progress in IS, Springer, Cham, 197-207.

Dogo, E.M., Salami, A.F., Nwulu, N.I., and Aigbavboa, C.O., (2019), "Blockchain and internet of things-based technologies for intelligent water management system", Artificial Intelligence in IoT, Springer, Cham,, 129-150.

Hollands, R.G., (2008), "Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial?", City, 12(3), 303-320.

Ioan-Valentin, S., and Dobra, P., (2014), "KNX building automations interaction with city resources management system", Procedia Technology, 12, 212-219.  

Jayalakshmi, M., and Gomathi, V., (2019), "Sensor-cloud based precision agriculture approach for intelligent water management", International Journal of Plant Production, 14(1), 1-10. 

Karwot, J., Kaźmierczak, J., Wyczółkowski, R., Paszkowski, W., and Przystałka, P., (2016), "Smart water in smart city: A case study", Proceedings of SGEM 16th International Scientific Conference on EARTH & GEOSCIENCES, Vol. 3, Albena, Bulgaria.

Kumbhar, M.S., and Pratibha, S.Y., (2016), "Survey on technology tools for water and garbage management for smart city planning", International Journal of Computer Applications, 975, 8887. 

Lázaro, J., Abejón, S., Astarloa, A., Chamorro, F., and Bidarte, U., (2008), "SoPC implementation of the TP-KNX protocol for domotic applications", Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Electronics and Micro-electronics, IEEE, Valencia, Spain.

Lee, W.S., and Seung, H.H., (2009), "Implementation of a KNX-ZigBee gateway for home automation", IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, Kyoto, Japan.

Lee, W.S., and Seung, H.H., (2008), "KNX-ZigBee gateway for home automation", IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, Arlington, VA, USA.

Lopez-Nicolas, A., Pulido-Velazquez, M., Rougé, C., Harou, J.J., and Escriva-Bou, A., (2018), "Design and assessment of an efficient and equitable dynamic urban water tariff, Application to the city of Valencia, Spain", Environmental Modelling and Software, 101, 137-145. 

Loucks, D.P., and Eelco, V.B., (2017), Water resource systems planning and management: An introduction to methods, Models and Applications, Springer.

Madani, K., (2014), "Water management in Iran: What is causing the looming crisis?", Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 4(4), 315-328.

McDonald, R.I., Weber, K., Padowski, J., Flörke, M., Schneider, C., Green, P.A., Gleeson, T., Eckman, S., Lehner, B., Balk, D., and Boucher, T., (2014), "Water on an urban planet: Urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure", Global Environmental Change, 27, 96-105. 

Priya, R., and Rameshkumar G.P., (2017), "A novel method to smart city’s water management system with sensor devices and arduino", International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, 13(10), 2391-2406.

Sławomir, S., and Gielniak, J., (2018), "Implementation of the lighting control algorithms in the KNX system", ITM Web of Conferences, Vol. 19, EDP Sciences.

Taewoo N., and Theresa A.P., (2011), "Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions", Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times, New York, USA.

Xiye, F., Xiaoyan, Y., Hailin, Z., Cuicui, J., Chunming, X., and Tan, C. (2020), "Research on intelligent water platform based on Cloud Computing", Journal of Physics, IOP Publishing, 1605(1), 12-21.

پاکدل، م.، قیامی، ع. و بینا، ک.، (1394)، "پیش‎بینی مصرف آب شرب شهر مشهد با استفاده از موجک"، همایش ملی مهندسی عمران و پژوهشهای نیاز محور، مشهد.
جعفری، ه.، (1395)، "مدیریت سیستم­های حوادث و اتفاقات در شبکه­های توزیع آب شهری با استفاده از سیستم‎های اطلاعات مکانی (GIS)"، همایش ملی بهره­برداری در بخش آب و فاضلاب، همدان.
سرداری ح. و ملاحسینی اردکانی، م.، (1395)، "ارائه یک معماری مرجع مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیا برای مدیریت مصرف آب در ساختمان­های هوشمند"، همایش ملی چشمانداز تکنولوژی کامپیوتر و شبکه در 2030، میبد.
سلطانی اصل، م. و فغفورمغربی، م.، (1388)، "مدیریت هوشمند فشار به‎منظور کاهش نشت در شبکه­های آبرسانی، مطالعه موردی: منطقه سرافرازان مشهد،" مجله آب و فاضلاب، 20(3)، 99-104. 
غلامی، ح.، قیامی ع.، و بینا، ک.، (1394)، "پیش‎بینی مصرف آب شرب شهر مشهد با استفاده از شبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی"، همایش ملی مهندسی عمران و پژوهشهای نیاز محور، مشهد.
همایی، م.ح.، فرهادی، ب. و کهوازاده، ا.، (1391)، "کاربرد شبکه‎های حسگر بی‎سیم به‎جهت تشخیص نشت و هدررفت آب در خطوط انتقال"، چهارمین کنفرانس مهندسی برق و الکترونیک ایران، گناباد.
Al-Ghobari, H.M., and Dewidar, A.Z., (2018), "Integrating deficit irrigation into surface and subsurface drip irrigation as a strategy to save water in arid regions", Agricultural Water Management, 209, 55-61. 
Asalmol, M., Datar, M., Gawade, M., Patil, A., and Gulve, T., (2017), "Water management system for smart city using IoT", Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 3(11), 93-107.
Cocchia, A., (2014), Smart and digital city: A systematic literature review, In: Dameri R., Rosenthal-Sabroux C. (eds.), Smart City, Progress in IS, Springer, Cham, 13-43. 
Curry, E., Hasan, S., Kouroupetroglou, C., Fabritius, W., Ul Hassan, U., and Derguech, W., (2018), "Internet of things enhanced user experience for smart water and energy management", IEEE Internet Computing, 22(1), 18-28.
Dickey, T., (2018), Smart water solutions for smart cities, Smart City, Progress in IS, Springer, Cham, 197-207.
Dogo, E.M., Salami, A.F., Nwulu, N.I., and Aigbavboa, C.O., (2019), "Blockchain and internet of things-based technologies for intelligent water management system", Artificial Intelligence in IoT, Springer, Cham,, 129-150.
Hollands, R.G., (2008), "Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial?", City, 12(3), 303-320.
Ioan-Valentin, S., and Dobra, P., (2014), "KNX building automations interaction with city resources management system", Procedia Technology, 12, 212-219.  
Jayalakshmi, M., and Gomathi, V., (2019), "Sensor-cloud based precision agriculture approach for intelligent water management", International Journal of Plant Production, 14(1), 1-10. 
Karwot, J., Kaźmierczak, J., Wyczółkowski, R., Paszkowski, W., and Przystałka, P., (2016), "Smart water in smart city: A case study", Proceedings of SGEM 16th International Scientific Conference on EARTH & GEOSCIENCES, Vol. 3, Albena, Bulgaria.
Kumbhar, M.S., and Pratibha, S.Y., (2016), "Survey on technology tools for water and garbage management for smart city planning", International Journal of Computer Applications, 975, 8887. 
Lázaro, J., Abejón, S., Astarloa, A., Chamorro, F., and Bidarte, U., (2008), "SoPC implementation of the TP-KNX protocol for domotic applications", Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Electronics and Micro-electronics, IEEE, Valencia, Spain.
Lee, W.S., and Seung, H.H., (2009), "Implementation of a KNX-ZigBee gateway for home automation", IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, Kyoto, Japan.
Lee, W.S., and Seung, H.H., (2008), "KNX-ZigBee gateway for home automation", IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, Arlington, VA, USA.
Lopez-Nicolas, A., Pulido-Velazquez, M., Rougé, C., Harou, J.J., and Escriva-Bou, A., (2018), "Design and assessment of an efficient and equitable dynamic urban water tariff, Application to the city of Valencia, Spain", Environmental Modelling and Software, 101, 137-145. 
Loucks, D.P., and Eelco, V.B., (2017), Water resource systems planning and management: An introduction to methods, Models and Applications, Springer.
Madani, K., (2014), "Water management in Iran: What is causing the looming crisis?", Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 4(4), 315-328.
McDonald, R.I., Weber, K., Padowski, J., Flörke, M., Schneider, C., Green, P.A., Gleeson, T., Eckman, S., Lehner, B., Balk, D., and Boucher, T., (2014), "Water on an urban planet: Urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure", Global Environmental Change, 27, 96-105. 
Priya, R., and Rameshkumar G.P., (2017), "A novel method to smart city’s water management system with sensor devices and arduino", International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, 13(10), 2391-2406.
Sławomir, S., and Gielniak, J., (2018), "Implementation of the lighting control algorithms in the KNX system", ITM Web of Conferences, Vol. 19, EDP Sciences.
Taewoo N., and Theresa A.P., (2011), "Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions", Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times, New York, USA.
Xiye, F., Xiaoyan, Y., Hailin, Z., Cuicui, J., Chunming, X., and Tan, C. (2020), "Research on intelligent water platform based on Cloud Computing", Journal of Physics, IOP Publishing, 1605(1), 12-21.