A Review of the Use of Unconventional Waters in the Aquaculture Industry

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

1 Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.

2 Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract

The aquaculture industry has experienced the fastest growth in the food industry with an annual growth of 8.9% since 1970. This industry has grown steadily over the last five decades, supplying nearly half of the fish consumed by human. As the population grows, one of the major challenges ahead will be human nutrition. Aquaculture can play a key role in tackling poverty and hunger. In sustainable aquaculture, the water source (quantity and quality) is important so that optimal fish production depends on the physical, chemical and biological quality of the water. The limitation and reduction of fresh water resources, population growth and increasing demand for fishery products have led to unconventional waters to be used in the aquaculture industry. Unconventional waters include recycled water, wastewater, and saline water. In different countries, these water resources have been used for producing aquatic species to provide food and protein. The most important limiting factor for the use of unconventional waters is their quality which can be used for aquaculture after physical, chemical and biological treatment. Due to the limited water resources of the country, the use of unconventional waters is very effective and efficient in drought management and is also one of the ways of developing the fisheries sector. In this paper, the necessity of using unconventional waters in the aquaculture industry (fish, shrimp, algae, and Artemia) will investigate.

Keywords

References

 
بمانی خرانق، ا.، علیزاده، م و خانجانی، م.ح.، (1397)، "ارزیابی اثرات زیست‎محیطی (EIA) پرورش ماهی تیلاپیای نیل (Oreochromis niloticus) در برخی مناطق استان یزد"، مجله بوم شناسی آبزیان، (4) 68-81.
حسین‎زاده، ه.، مهرابی، م.ح. و ربانی‎ها، م.، (1392)، مروری بر پرورش ماهی در قفس، ملاحظات بهداشتی و زیست محیطی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، تهران.
خورسندی، ف.، وزیری، ژ.، و عزیزی زهان، ع.، (1389)، شوروزی:استفادهپایدارازمنابعآبوخاکشوردرکشاورزی، کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی. 336 صفحه.
علیزاده، م.، (1387)، بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف پروتئین و انرژی جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد بدن و تکامل گنادهای جنسی فیل ماهی‎های 4 ساله پرورشی در آب لب‎شور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات شیلات ایران، ایستگاه تحقیقاتی ماهیان آب شور. گزارش طرح، 95 صفحه.
عوفی، ف.، شریفیان، م. و ربانی‎ها، م.، (1392)، انتخاب مکان مناسب جهت استقرار سیستم‎های پرورش ماهیان دریایی در قفس به روش ارزیابی ماتریس پاستاکیا (خلیج فارس، استان هرمزگان، جزایر تنگه هرمز)، گزارش علمی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور
فولادمند، ح.ر.، (1388)، اصولآبیاری، انتشارات نوید شیراز، 223 صفحه
Ahmadi, M.R., Leibovitz, H., and Simpson, K.L., (1990), “Nutrient composition of the Iranian brine shrimp (Artemia urmiana)”, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 95(2), 225-228.
Avnimelech, Y., (2012), Biofloc technology: A practical guide book, 2nd Edition, The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States, 272 p.
Bhatnagar, A., and Devi, P., (2013), “Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fish culture”, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(6), 1980-2009.
Boyd, C. E., and Gross, A., (2000), “Water use and conservation for inland aquaculture ponds”, Fisheries Management and Ecology, 7, 55-63.
Buras, N., Duek, L., Niv, S., Hepher, B., and Sandbank, E., (1987), “Microbiological aspects of fish grown in treated wastewater”, Water Research, 21, 1-10.
Chen, H., Carter, K.E., (2016), “Water usage for natural gas production through hydraulic fracturing in the United States from 2008 to 2014”, Journal of Environmental Management, 170, 152-159.
Davarpanah, A., (2018), “The integrated feasibility analysis of water reuse management in the petroleum exploration performances of unconventional shale reservoirs”, Applied Water Science, 8(75), 1-12.
Edwards, P., (1990), Reuse of human excreta in aquaculture: A state-of-the-art review, Draft Report, World Bank, Washington DC.
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, (2014), “The state of world fisheries and aquaculture,. Retrieved from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations website: http://www.fao.org/
Guiry, M., (2001), What is Seaweed? http://seaweed.ucg.ie/whatisseaweed.html.
Khanjani, M.H., Sajjadi, M.M., Alizadeh, M., and Sourinejad, I., (2017), “Nursery performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) cultivated in a biofloc system: The effect of adding different carbon sources”, Aquaculture Research, 48, 1491-1501.
Islam, M.S., (2008), “From pond to plate: Towards a twin- driven commodity chain in Bangladesh shrimp aqua- culture”, Food Policy, 33(3), 209-223.
Lavens, P., and Sorgeloos, P., (1996), Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, FAO Press, Rome.
McIntosh, D., and Fitzsimmons, K., (2003), “Characterization of effluent from an inland, low-salinity shrimp farm: What contribution could this water make if used for irrigation”, Aquacultural Engineering, 27, 147-156.
Neiland, A.E., Soley, N. Varley, J.B., and Whitmarsh, D.J., (2001), “Shrimp aquaculture: Economic perspectives for policy development”, Marine Policy, 25(4), 265-279.
Pillay, T.V.R., (1992), Aquaculture and the environment, Fishing News Books, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA.
PPK, (2001), Options for the productive use of salinity, National Dryland Salinity Program (www.ndsp.gov.au).
Rabiei, R., Phang, S.M., Yeong, H.Y., Lim, P.E., Ajdari, D., Zarshenas, G., and Sohrabipour, J., (2014), “Bioremediation efficiency and biochemical composition of Ulva reticula forsskal (Chlorophyta) cultivated in shrimp (Peneaus monodon) hatchery efflueant”, Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13 (3), 621-639.
Sa, D.T., Sousa, R.R.De., Rocha, I.R.C.B., Lima, G.C.De., and Costa, F.H.F., (2013), “Brackish shrimp farming in northeastern brazil: the environmental and socio-economic impacts and sustainability”, Natural Resources, 4, 538-550.
Sousa, O.V., Macrae, A., Menezes, F.G.R., Gomes, N.C.M., Vieira, R.H.S.F., and Mendonça-Hagler, L.C.S., (2006), “The impact of shrimp farming effluent on bacterial communities in mangrove waters, Ceará, Brazil,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52(12), 1725- 1734.
Strauss, M., (1985), Pathogen survival, Part II., Health aspects of nightsoil and sludge use in agriculture and aquaculture, IRCWD Report No. 04/85. International Reference Centre for Waste Disposal, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
Valenti, W.C., and Daniels, W.H., (2000), “Recirculation hatchery systems and management”, In: New, M.B., Valenti, W.C. (Eds), Freshwater Prawn Culture, Blackwell, Oxford, 69-90.
World Health Organization (WHO), (1989), Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture, Technical Report No. 778, Geneva, 74 p.
Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 1
April 2020
Pages 4-13

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 April 2019
  • Revise Date: 06 January 2020
  • Accept Date: 03 February 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics