Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering

Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering

Review of Rapid Identification Methods of Bacteria in Water and Wastewater

Document Type : Review Paper

Author
M.Sc. of Environmental Health Engineering, Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Laboratory Expert of Water and Wastewater Company of Shiraz.
Abstract
Microbial quality of water is of vital importance for the health of humans, animals and the environment. Water contaminated with pathogens can lead to serious health problems, such as the spread of water-borne diseases. Common methods based on microbial culture such as Multi-tube Fermentation, Membrane Filtration, and Presence-Absence to detect pathogens are inaccurate, time-consuming, and expensive. Consequently, indicator bacteria are commonly used to determine the relative risk of faecal contamination and the possible presence of pathogens in water and wastewater. However, indicator organisms such as Faecal Coliforms also have disadvantages, such as the difference in the number of indicator microorganisms with the actual number of pathogenic agents, the difference in the infectious doses of indicators with pathogenic agents, and in some cases the presence of Viable But Nonculturable cells, which the reliability of these indicators to indicate the possible presence of microbial pathogens has been questioned. In recent decades, molecular detection methods such as different PCR methods (conventional PCR, quantitative or real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, etc.), DNA microarrays, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) have been used to quick and accurate assessment of water microbial quality. Other advanced methods such as Enzyme methods, Immunology, methods based on electrical resistance (impedance) as well as various types of sensors have been considered as essential alternatives for the detection of bacteria and have greatly facilitated the monitoring of microbial quality in different water and sewage networks.
Keywords

 
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Volume 9, Issue 4
Winter 2025
Pages 3-14

  • Receive Date 10 January 2024
  • Revise Date 23 April 2024
  • Accept Date 02 June 2024