Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering

Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering

Pressure Management in Water Distribution Networks with Optimal Placement of Pressure Relief Valve and Pump as Turbine

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Parham Vazifehdoest saleh 1
Jafar Yazdi 2
Ali Moridi 3
1 Master Student, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Water and Environment, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22112/jwwse.2023.389161.1355
Abstract
One of the problems in the field of water is its wastage in water supply networks due to water leakage due to high pressure. Therefore, keeping the pressure at a suitable range is necessary. The most effective equipment for this purpose is pressure relief valves and PAT2. In this article, by linking the DE algorithm with the EPANET hydraulic solver, in the first step, by using the double-objective DE algorithm, the appropriate location of the pressure relief valves and its regulating pressure, as well as the optimal location of the reverse pump and the type of reverse pump, are determined at the same time. In the second step, by using the DE single objective algorithm, keeping the location of the pressure relief valves constant (resulting from the first step) and also keeping the location and type of PAT, the rotational speed of the pump and the regulating pressure of the pressure relief valve constant are optimized in 24 hours, to increase the production energy. The obtained results showed that it is possible to provide 160 kilowatt hours per day of salable energy to the city power grid from the network.
Keywords
Pressure management
Leakage
Pressure reducing valve
Optimal location
Pump as turbine

تابش، م.، (۱۳۸۵)، "مدیریت هدررفت در سیستم‌های توزیع آب ایران به روایت استاندارد ۳۰۸-الف"، اولین همایش سازگاری با کم آبی، تهران، https://civilica.com/doc/39592.

درخشان، ش.، امین‌نیا، ن.، و هاشمی، م.، (۱۳۹۴)، "تحلیل فنی اقتصادی کاربرد پمپ به‎عنوان توربین برای استحصال انرژی درشبکه­های توزیع آب"، سومین همایش ملی هیدرودینامیک کاربردی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، https://civilica.com/doc/596809.

رئیس‌میرزاقلی، م.، و زمانیان، ع.، (۱۳۹۳)، "نیروگاه برق آبی مقیاس کوچک برروی خطوط انتقال آب"، ششمین کنفرانس انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، پاک و کارآمد، تهران، https://civilica.com/doc/596809. 

شاه‌حسینی، پ.، و توکلی، ه.، (۱۳۹۲)، "تحلیل شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی شهری مورد: محله وردآورد منطقه ۲۱ تهران"، فصل‌نامه آمایش تهران، ۲۴، ۱۲۷-۱۴۴، https://ebtp.malayer.iau.ir/article_526443.html.

نوربخش، ا.، و درخشان، ش.، (۱۳۸۴)، "تحلیل رفتار پمپ و ارائه بهترین نقطه کارکرد آن در حالت چرخش به‎عنوان توربین"، نشریه دانشکده فنی، ۳۹(۶)،  ۷۵۶–۷۷۱، https://www.sid.ir/paper/14060/fa.

وزارت نیرو دفتر مهندسی و معیارهای فنی آب و آبفا، (۱۳۹۲)، "ضوابط طراحی سامانه های انتقال و توزیع آب شهری و روستایی", نشریه شماره 3-117 (بازنگری اول)، https://waterstandard.wrm.ir/cs/WRMResearch/278/220. 

Carravetta, A., Giudice, G., Fecarotta, O., Ramos, H., (2012), "Energy production in water distribution networks: A PAT design strategy", Water Resources Management, 26, 3947-3959, https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152908.

Carravetta, A., Fecarotta, O., Del Giudice, G., Ramos, H., (2014), "Energy recovery in water systems by PATs: A comparisons among the different installation schemes", Procedia Engineering, 70, 275-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.031.

De Marchis, M., Fontanazza, C., Freni, G., (2014), "Energy recovery in water distribution networks, Implementation of pumps as turbine in a dynamic numerical model", Procedia Engineering, 70, 439-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.049.

De Marchis, M., Freni, G., (2015), "Pump as turbine implementation in a dynamic numerical model: Cost analysis for energy recovery in water distribution network", Journal of Hydroinformatics, 17 (3), 347-360,  https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.018.

Derakhshan, S.,  Nourbakhsh, A., (2008), "Experimental study of characteristic curves of centrifugal pumps working as turbines in different specific speeds", Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 32, 800-807, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2007.10.004.

Ebrahimi, S., Riasi, A., Kandi, A., (2021), "Selection optimization of variable speed pump as turbine (PAT) for energy recovery and pressure management", Energy Conversion and Management, 213, 113586, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001430.

Jafari, R., Khanjani, M., Esmaeilian, H., (2015), "Pressure management and electric power production using pumps as turbines", American Water Works Association, 107, 7, 351-363,  http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0083.

Kandi, A., Moghimi, M., Tahani, M., Derakhshan, S., (2021), "Efficiency increase in water transmission systems using optimized selection of parallel pumps running as turbines", Water Resources Planning and Management, 147(10), 04021065,. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001430.

Karadirek, I., Muhammetoglu, A., Ozen, O., Muhammetoglu, H., (2017), "Full-scale PAT application for energy production and pressure reduction in a water distribution network", Water Resources Planning and Management, 43(8), 1-12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000795.

Lea García, I., Novara, D., Mc Nabola, A., (2019), "A model for selecting the most cost-effective pressure control device for more sustainable water supply networks", Water, 11(6), 1297-1316, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11061297. 

Lima, G., Junior, E., Brentan, B., (2017), "Selection of pumps as turbines substituting pressure reducing valves", Procedia Engineering, 186, 676-683, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.249.

Lima, G., Luvizotto, E., Brentan, B., Ramos, H, (2017), "Leakage control and energy recovery using variable speed pumps as turbines", Water Resources Planning and Management, 144(1), 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000852.

Motwani, K., Jain, S., Patel, R., (2013), "Cost analysis of pump as turbine for pico hydropower plants, A case Study", Procedia Engineering, 51, 721-726, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.103. 

Stefanizzi, M., Filannino, D., Capurso, T., Camporeale, S., Torresi. M., (2023), "Optimal hydraulic energy harvesting strategy for PAT installation in water distribution networks", Applied Energy, 344, 121246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121246.

Tahani, M., Kandi, A., Moghimi, M., Derakhshan, S., (2020), "Rotational speed variation assessment of centrifugal pump-as-turbine as an energy utilization device under water distribution network condition", Energy, 213, 118502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118502.

تابش، م.، (۱۳۸۵)، "مدیریت هدررفت در سیستم‌های توزیع آب ایران به روایت استاندارد ۳۰۸-الف"، اولین همایش سازگاری با کم آبی، تهران، https://civilica.com/doc/39592.
درخشان، ش.، امین‌نیا، ن.، و هاشمی، م.، (۱۳۹۴)، "تحلیل فنی اقتصادی کاربرد پمپ به‎عنوان توربین برای استحصال انرژی درشبکه­های توزیع آب"، سومین همایش ملی هیدرودینامیک کاربردی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، https://civilica.com/doc/596809.
رئیس‌میرزاقلی، م.، و زمانیان، ع.، (۱۳۹۳)، "نیروگاه برق آبی مقیاس کوچک برروی خطوط انتقال آب"، ششمین کنفرانس انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، پاک و کارآمد، تهران، https://civilica.com/doc/596809. 
شاه‌حسینی، پ.، و توکلی، ه.، (۱۳۹۲)، "تحلیل شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی شهری مورد: محله وردآورد منطقه ۲۱ تهران"، فصل‌نامه آمایش تهران، ۲۴، ۱۲۷-۱۴۴، https://ebtp.malayer.iau.ir/article_526443.html.
نوربخش، ا.، و درخشان، ش.، (۱۳۸۴)، "تحلیل رفتار پمپ و ارائه بهترین نقطه کارکرد آن در حالت چرخش به‎عنوان توربین"، نشریه دانشکده فنی، ۳۹(۶)،  ۷۵۶–۷۷۱، https://www.sid.ir/paper/14060/fa.
وزارت نیرو دفتر مهندسی و معیارهای فنی آب و آبفا، (۱۳۹۲)، "ضوابط طراحی سامانه های انتقال و توزیع آب شهری و روستایی", نشریه شماره 3-117 (بازنگری اول)، https://waterstandard.wrm.ir/cs/WRMResearch/278/220. 
Carravetta, A., Giudice, G., Fecarotta, O., Ramos, H., (2012), "Energy production in water distribution networks: A PAT design strategy", Water Resources Management, 26, 3947-3959, https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152908.
Carravetta, A., Fecarotta, O., Del Giudice, G., Ramos, H., (2014), "Energy recovery in water systems by PATs: A comparisons among the different installation schemes", Procedia Engineering, 70, 275-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.031.
De Marchis, M., Fontanazza, C., Freni, G., (2014), "Energy recovery in water distribution networks, Implementation of pumps as turbine in a dynamic numerical model", Procedia Engineering, 70, 439-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.049.
De Marchis, M., Freni, G., (2015), "Pump as turbine implementation in a dynamic numerical model: Cost analysis for energy recovery in water distribution network", Journal of Hydroinformatics, 17 (3), 347-360,  https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.018.
Derakhshan, S.,  Nourbakhsh, A., (2008), "Experimental study of characteristic curves of centrifugal pumps working as turbines in different specific speeds", Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 32, 800-807, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2007.10.004.
Ebrahimi, S., Riasi, A., Kandi, A., (2021), "Selection optimization of variable speed pump as turbine (PAT) for energy recovery and pressure management", Energy Conversion and Management, 213, 113586, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001430.
Jafari, R., Khanjani, M., Esmaeilian, H., (2015), "Pressure management and electric power production using pumps as turbines", American Water Works Association, 107, 7, 351-363,  http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0083.
Kandi, A., Moghimi, M., Tahani, M., Derakhshan, S., (2021), "Efficiency increase in water transmission systems using optimized selection of parallel pumps running as turbines", Water Resources Planning and Management, 147(10), 04021065,. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001430.
Karadirek, I., Muhammetoglu, A., Ozen, O., Muhammetoglu, H., (2017), "Full-scale PAT application for energy production and pressure reduction in a water distribution network", Water Resources Planning and Management, 43(8), 1-12, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000795.
Lea García, I., Novara, D., Mc Nabola, A., (2019), "A model for selecting the most cost-effective pressure control device for more sustainable water supply networks", Water, 11(6), 1297-1316, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11061297. 
Lima, G., Junior, E., Brentan, B., (2017), "Selection of pumps as turbines substituting pressure reducing valves", Procedia Engineering, 186, 676-683, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.249.
Lima, G., Luvizotto, E., Brentan, B., Ramos, H, (2017), "Leakage control and energy recovery using variable speed pumps as turbines", Water Resources Planning and Management, 144(1), 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000852.
Motwani, K., Jain, S., Patel, R., (2013), "Cost analysis of pump as turbine for pico hydropower plants, A case Study", Procedia Engineering, 51, 721-726, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.103. 
Stefanizzi, M., Filannino, D., Capurso, T., Camporeale, S., Torresi. M., (2023), "Optimal hydraulic energy harvesting strategy for PAT installation in water distribution networks", Applied Energy, 344, 121246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121246.
Tahani, M., Kandi, A., Moghimi, M., Derakhshan, S., (2020), "Rotational speed variation assessment of centrifugal pump-as-turbine as an energy utilization device under water distribution network condition", Energy, 213, 118502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118502.
Journal of Water and Wastewater Science and Engineering
Volume 9, Issue 2
Summer 2024
Pages 31-42

  • Receive Date 17 April 2023
  • Revise Date 08 October 2023
  • Accept Date 23 October 2023