مروری بر کارایی راکتورهای زیستی دنیتریفیکاسیون در حذف نیترات از زهاب کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقالات علمی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

یکی از مهم­ترین مشکل­های سیستم­های زهکشی، آب‎شویی نیترات و ورود آن به منابع آب سطحی است. افزایش غلظت نیترات در منابع آب باعث ایجاد مشکلاتی برای انسان­ها و حیوان­ها می­شود. فرایند دنیتریفیکاسیون یکی از راه‎کارهای مناسب برای حذف نیترات از آب­های آلوده است. این فرایند در خاک­های کشاورزی به‎علت کمبود مواد کربنی با محدودیت مواجه است. تأمین کربن مورد نیاز در خاک باعث افزایش این فرایند و حذف بیشتر نیترات از محیط می­شود. استفاده از مواد آلی به‎عنوان ماده کربنی ارزان قیمت و قابل‎دسترس یکی از بهترین گزینه­ها برای این هدف است. در واقع راکتورهای زیستی دنیتریفیکاسیون یک تکنولوژی ساده و نسبتاً ارزان هستند که در آن­ها از منابع کربن برای تسهیل دنیتریفیکاسیون استفاده می­شود. شدت دنیتریفیکاسیون در راکتورهای زیستی به نوع منبع کربنی مورد استفاده، دما، اکسیژن محلول در آب، زمان ماند هیدرولیکی و پارامترهای هیدرولیکی بستگی دارد. مطالعات صورت‎گرفته نشان‎داده است که راکتورهای زیستی توانایی حذف تا 99 درصد از نیترات موجود در زهاب­های کشاورزی را دارند. طی سال‎های اخیر تحقیقات متعددی در زمینه استفاده از راکتورهای زیستی به‎منظور حذف نیترات و توانایی و چگونگی کاربرد آن‎ها انجام شده است. در این مقاله راکتورهای زیستی دنیتریفیکاسیون به‎عنوان یک روش برای حذف نیترات از زهاب کشاورزی مورد بررسی قرار می‎گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


 
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